Evidence-Based Strategies for Teaching Mathematics
Mathematics instruction has evolved beyond rote memorization and drill-based techniques. Today’s best practices draw heavily on cognitive science, instructional theory, and classroom research. At EduBlog, we examine strategies grounded in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) principles and supported by empirical studies from academic institutions.
Effective math instruction should be structured, scaffolded, and built upon conceptual understanding. According to the 5E Instructional Model—Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate—students thrive when given the opportunity to actively explore mathematical relationships and justify their reasoning. This process leads to long-term retention and deeper problem-solving skills.
Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) instruction is a particularly effective method for building math fluency. It begins with hands-on manipulatives (e.g., blocks or counters), moves to pictorial representations (e.g., number lines, diagrams), and culminates in abstract symbols (e.g., equations). This method supports all learners, including students with learning differences or math anxiety.
According to Hattie’s research (Visible Learning, 2009), formative assessment and feedback in math instruction have an effect size of 0.73—well above the 0.4 threshold for meaningful impact. This underscores the importance of timely checks for understanding and data-driven intervention.
Classroom examples of evidence-based math practices include: number talks, math journals, problem-based learning (PBL), and the integration of digital tools like Desmos and GeoGebra. These approaches not only engage students but also align with 21st-century competencies such as critical thinking and metacognition.
Ultimately, strong math instruction is about more than computation—it's about helping students understand how math applies to real life, develop persistence in problem-solving, and learn how to learn. Explore our activities and curated lesson guides to build a classroom where math is not only unblocked—but unlocked for every learner.